Charles Hopkins - Revision history

1857admin: /* References */

2013-12-23T20:36:21Z

References

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	= References =		= References =

	Bagley, ''Blood of the Prophets,'' 133, 158, 178; Bennion, ''Charles Hopkins 1810-1863, [etc.]'' ; Bigler and Bagley, ''Innocent Blood: Essential Narratives,'' 70 fn. 14, 235, 324, 345, 396; Brooks, ''The Mountain Meadows Massacre,'' 82, 161, 179, 193; Brooks, ed., ''Journal of the Southern Indian Mission,'' 117; Carter, ''Our Pioneer Heritage,'' 11:409; Day, ''MIlestones of Millard,'' 340 (bio); Fish, ''Mormon Migrations,'' 409; Fleek, ''History May be Searched in Vain: A Military History of the Mormon Battalion'' ; Gardner, ''History of Lehi,'' 17, 22, 23, 35, 51, 53, 55. 124 (sic), 238, 239; Huff, ''Utah County Centennial History,'' 234, 239, 247, 256; Jenson, ''Encyclopedic History of the Church,'' 424 (Lehi); Lee Trials transcripts; Lee, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' 230, 232, 233, 234, 247, 379; Lyman, ''A History of Millard County,'' 37, 99; Membership Records of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saint, 1830-1848; New.FamilySearch.org; Shirts and Shirts, ''A Trial Furnace,'' 10, 62 fn. 66, 331, 476-77, 488, 494; Smart and Smart, ed., ''Over the Rim,'' 12, 82, 92, 94, 99, 128, 137, 169, 223-24 (bio and photo); Turley and Walker, ''Mountain Meadows Massacre: Jenson and Morris Collections,'' 223, 248, 254; Tyler, ''A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion [etc.]''; Van Wagoner, ''Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town,'' 2, 3, 4, 41, 90, 383, 400, 409; Walker, et al, ''Massacre at Mountain Meadows,'' 167, 173, 187, 219, Appendix C, 258; Young, “The Spirit of the Pioneers,” ''Utah Historical Quarterly,'' 14/1-4 (1946), 16.		Bagley, ''Blood of the Prophets,'' 133, 158, 178; Bennion, ''Charles Hopkins 1810-1863, [etc.]'' ; Bigler and Bagley, ''Innocent Blood: Essential Narratives,'' 70 fn. 14, 235, 324, 345, 396; Brooks, ''The Mountain Meadows Massacre,'' 82, 161, 179, 193; Brooks, ed., ''Journal of the Southern Indian Mission,'' 117; Carter, ''Our Pioneer Heritage,'' 11:409; Day, ''MIlestones of Millard,'' 340 (bio); Fish, ''Mormon Migrations,'' 409; Fleek, ''History May be Searched in Vain: A Military History of the Mormon Battalion'' ; Gardner, ''History of Lehi,'' 17, 22, 23, 35, 51, 53, 55, 124 (sic), 238, 239; Huff, ''Utah County Centennial History,'' 234, 239, 247, 256; Jenson, ''Encyclopedic History of the Church,'' 424 (Lehi); Lee Trials transcripts; Lee, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' 230, 232, 233, 234, 247, 379; Lyman, ''A History of Millard County,'' 37, 99; Membership Records of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saint, 1830-1848; New.FamilySearch.org; Shirts and Shirts, ''A Trial Furnace,'' 10, 62 fn. 66, 331, 476-77, 488, 494; Smart and Smart, ed., ''Over the Rim,'' 12, 82, 92, 94, 99, 128, 137, 169, 223-24 (bio and photo); Turley and Walker, ''Mountain Meadows Massacre: Jenson and Morris Collections,'' 223, 248, 254; Tyler, ''A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion [etc.]''; Van Wagoner, ''Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town,'' 2, 3, 4, 41, 90, 383, 400, 409; Walker, et al, ''Massacre at Mountain Meadows,'' 167, 173, 187, 219, Appendix C, 258; Young, “The Spirit of the Pioneers,” ''Utah Historical Quarterly,'' 14/1-4 (1946), 16.

	For full bibliographic information see [[Bibliography]].		For full bibliographic information see [[Bibliography]].

1857admin: /* In the Iron Military District: Private Charles Hopkins, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion */

2013-12-09T02:45:00Z

In the Iron Military District: Private Charles Hopkins, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:45, 9 December 2013
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	In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.		In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.
	~~[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]~~

	At age 47, Hopkins was among the more senior militiamen recruited to Mountains Meadows after the initial attack on the wagon train on Monday the 7th. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Charles Hopkins was on the Cedar City high council and was among those who arrived at Mountain Meadows with a detachment from Cedar City.		At age 47, Hopkins was among the more senior militiamen recruited to Mountains Meadows after the initial attack on the wagon train on Monday the 7th. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Charles Hopkins was on the Cedar City high council and was among those who arrived at Mountain Meadows with a detachment from Cedar City.
			[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]

	According to [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Hopkins was at Mountain Meadows and attended the decisive military council on Thursday the 10th. Lee maintains that as he agonized over the fate of the emigrant train, he and Hopkins consulted together.		According to [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Hopkins was at Mountain Meadows and attended the decisive military council on Thursday the 10th. Lee maintains that as he agonized over the fate of the emigrant train, he and Hopkins consulted together.

1857admin: /* In the Iron Military District: Private Charles Hopkins, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion */

2013-12-09T02:44:13Z

In the Iron Military District: Private Charles Hopkins, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:44, 9 December 2013
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	In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander [[William_H._Dame\|Col. William H. Dame.]] The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. [[John M. Higbee\|Major John Higbee]] headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]] of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.		In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander [[William_H._Dame\|Col. William H. Dame.]] The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. [[John M. Higbee\|Major John Higbee]] headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]] of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.

			In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.
	[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]		[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]
	In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.

	At age 47, Hopkins was among the more senior militiamen recruited to Mountains Meadows after the initial attack on the wagon train on Monday the 7th. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Charles Hopkins was on the Cedar City high council and was among those who arrived at Mountain Meadows with a detachment from Cedar City.		At age 47, Hopkins was among the more senior militiamen recruited to Mountains Meadows after the initial attack on the wagon train on Monday the 7th. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Charles Hopkins was on the Cedar City high council and was among those who arrived at Mountain Meadows with a detachment from Cedar City.

1857admin: /* The Ironworks in 1857 */

2013-12-09T02:43:10Z

The Ironworks in 1857

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	==== The Ironworks in 1857 ====		==== The Ironworks in 1857 ====

	In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life for the Ironworks. After its arrival, they built a new room to house the engine, connected its boiler to a steady water supply and modified the furnace to accommodate the engine. Many settlers in Cedar City worked long hours in the ~~ironworks~~. In early June they started an iron run using the steam engine. However, the new machinery created its own set of problems. Through the end of July, they experimented with different configurations of furnace, engine and piping, attempting to optimize the blast furnace. In August, they installed a reservoir to provided filtered water to the steam engine to improve its performance. From late August to early September, shortly before the crisis involving the passing Arkansas emigrant company, they began a new furnace run. But it, too, ended in failure, probably around the time that a dispute arose between some community members and several of those in the passing Arkansas wagon train.		In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life for the Ironworks. After its arrival, they built a new room to house the engine, connected its boiler to a steady water supply and modified the furnace to accommodate the engine. Many settlers in Cedar City worked long hours in the Ironworks. In early June they started an iron run using the steam engine. However, the new machinery created its own set of problems. Through the end of July, they experimented with different configurations of furnace, engine and piping, attempting to optimize the blast furnace. In August, they installed a reservoir to provided filtered water to the steam engine to improve its performance. From late August to early September, shortly before the crisis involving the passing Arkansas emigrant company, they began a new furnace run. But it, too, ended in failure, probably around the time that a dispute arose between some community members and several of those in the passing Arkansas wagon train.

	However, other than some small transactions at the company store, the Deseret Iron Company's ledger is silent on Charles Hopkins for this period. It appears that he may have pursued farming and livestock raising and left the ~~ironworks~~ to the specialists from the British Isles. At any rate, during this time of intense activity at the ~~ironworks~~ in mid-1857, there is no evidence that Hopkins played a role.		However, other than some small transactions at the company store, the Deseret Iron Company's ledger is silent on Charles Hopkins for this period. It appears that he may have pursued farming and livestock raising and left the Ironworks to the specialists from the British Isles. At any rate, during this time of intense activity at the Ironworks in mid-1857, there is no evidence that Hopkins played a role.

	=== In the Iron Military District: Private Charles Hopkins, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion ===		=== In the Iron Military District: Private Charles Hopkins, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion ===

1857admin: /* With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah */

2013-12-09T02:39:58Z

With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:39, 9 December 2013
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	=== With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah ===		=== With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah ===
	[[Image:Battalion_Sick_Route.jpg\|right\|thumb\|500px\|<center>'''Detail of route of Mormon Battalion ~~sick detachment~~ from Illinois to Nebraska. Some in the sick detachment went directly to Pueblo, Colorado; others like Hopkins went to Santa Fe, New Mexico before traveling to Colorado and then to the valley of the Great Salt Lake.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Battalion_Sick_Route.jpg\|right\|thumb\|500px\|<center>'''Detail of the route of Mormon Battalion from Illinois to Nebraska. Some in the sick detachment went from there directly to Pueblo, Colorado; others like Charles Hopkins went to Santa Fe, New Mexico before traveling to Colorado and then to the valley of the Great Salt Lake.'''</center>]]

	Hopkins experienced the "Mormon War" of 1844-45 and the expulsion of the Mormons in 1846 from western Illinois to Iowa Territory. In the summer of that year, he and other Mormon men were recruited to enlist in the so-called Mormon Battalion. Hopkins was a private in Company E under the command of Captain Daniel C. Davis. During the Battalion's service in 1846-1848, it undertook a historic trek from Iowa to California. Their arrival coincided with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War and they helped secure California for the United States.		Hopkins experienced the "Mormon War" of 1844-45 and the expulsion of the Mormons in 1846 from western Illinois to Iowa Territory. In the summer of that year, he and other Mormon men were recruited to enlist in the so-called Mormon Battalion. Hopkins was a private in Company E under the command of Captain Daniel C. Davis. During the Battalion's service in 1846-1848, it undertook a historic trek from Iowa to California. Their arrival coincided with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War and they helped secure California for the United States.

1857admin: /* With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah */

2013-12-09T02:38:52Z

With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:38, 9 December 2013
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	=== With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah ===		=== With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah ===
	[[Image:Battalion_Sick_Route.jpg\|right\|thumb\|500px\|<center>'''Detail of route of Mormon Battalion sick detachment from Illinois to Nebraska, ~~then Pueblo~~, Colorado and ~~onto~~ the valley of the Great Salt Lake.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Battalion_Sick_Route.jpg\|right\|thumb\|500px\|<center>'''Detail of route of Mormon Battalion sick detachment from Illinois to Nebraska. Some in the sick detachment went directly to Pueblo, Colorado; others like Hopkins went to Santa Fe, New Mexico before traveling to Colorado and then to the valley of the Great Salt Lake.'''</center>]]
	Hopkins experienced the "Mormon War" of 1844-45 and the expulsion of the Mormons in 1846 from western Illinois to Iowa Territory. In the summer of that year, he and other Mormon men were recruited to enlist in the so-called Mormon Battalion. Hopkins was a private in Company E under the command of Captain Daniel C. Davis. During the Battalion's service in 1846-1848, it undertook a historic trek from Iowa to California. Their arrival coincided with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War and they helped secure California for the United States.		Hopkins experienced the "Mormon War" of 1844-45 and the expulsion of the Mormons in 1846 from western Illinois to Iowa Territory. In the summer of that year, he and other Mormon men were recruited to enlist in the so-called Mormon Battalion. Hopkins was a private in Company E under the command of Captain Daniel C. Davis. During the Battalion's service in 1846-1848, it undertook a historic trek from Iowa to California. Their arrival coincided with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War and they helped secure California for the United States.

1857admin: /* With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah */

2013-12-09T01:59:56Z

With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:59, 9 December 2013
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	=== With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah ===		=== With the Mormon Battalion and onto Utah ===
			[[Image:Battalion_Sick_Route.jpg\|right\|thumb\|500px\|<center>'''Detail of route of Mormon Battalion sick detachment from Illinois to Nebraska, then Pueblo, Colorado and onto the valley of the Great Salt Lake.'''</center>]]
	Hopkins experienced the "Mormon War" of 1844-45 and the expulsion of the Mormons in 1846 from western Illinois to Iowa Territory. In the summer of that year, he and other Mormon men were recruited to enlist in the so-called Mormon Battalion. Hopkins was a private in Company E under the command of Captain Daniel C. Davis. During the Battalion's service in 1846-1848, it undertook a historic trek from Iowa to California. Their arrival coincided with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War and they helped secure California for the United States.		Hopkins experienced the "Mormon War" of 1844-45 and the expulsion of the Mormons in 1846 from western Illinois to Iowa Territory. In the summer of that year, he and other Mormon men were recruited to enlist in the so-called Mormon Battalion. Hopkins was a private in Company E under the command of Captain Daniel C. Davis. During the Battalion's service in 1846-1848, it undertook a historic trek from Iowa to California. Their arrival coincided with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War and they helped secure California for the United States.

1857admin: /* Moving North to Beaver County */

2013-11-11T08:46:56Z

Moving North to Beaver County

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:46, 11 November 2013
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	=== Moving North to Beaver County ===		=== Moving North to Beaver County ===

	In 1859, Hopkins was listed in the arrest warrant that Judge John Cradlebaugh had issued. Spurred by the threat of arrest as well as the collapse of the iron-based economy in Cedar City, Hopkins and his family departed Cedar City. In the same year, his second wife Lydia Hopkins died. With his remaining wife Mary Ann and family, Hopkins headed north to Beaver.		In 1859, Hopkins was listed in the arrest warrant that Judge John Cradlebaugh had issued. Spurred by the threat of arrest as well as the collapse of the iron-based economy in Cedar City, Hopkins and his family departed Cedar City. In the same year, his second wife Lydia Hopkins died. With his remaining wife Mary Ann and family, Hopkins headed north to Beaver.
			[[Image:Millard_County.jpg\|right\|thumb\|500px\|<center>'''Map of Millard County, Utah.'''</center>]]

	=== Relocating to Millard County ===		=== Relocating to Millard County ===

1857admin: /* Moving to Cedar City and the Iron Works */

2012-03-02T07:04:42Z

Moving to Cedar City and the Iron Works

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:04, 2 March 2012
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	The Early Ironworks in Cedar City.]] For reasons perhaps connected with the intense conflict with the Ute Indians in Utah Valley, the Hopkins decided to move to Cedar City in the southern territory. Of course, Hopkins was already familiar with the area, having visited it in 1849-50 as part of Parley P. Pratt's exploration party. Hopkins joined in the efforts to make a subsistence living while the community also built an ironworks there. After they moved from the original fort to Plat A, Hopkins owned a lot next door to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]]. This was only a temporary location. By 1855, they had laid out Plat B, which was southeast of Plat A and nearer the foothills. Hopkins owned two lots in Plat B. Over the next ten years, Mary Ann bore him four additional children.		The Early Ironworks in Cedar City.]] For reasons perhaps connected with the intense conflict with the Ute Indians in Utah Valley, the Hopkins decided to move to Cedar City in the southern territory. Of course, Hopkins was already familiar with the area, having visited it in 1849-50 as part of Parley P. Pratt's exploration party. Hopkins joined in the efforts to make a subsistence living while the community also built an ironworks there. After they moved from the original fort to Plat A, Hopkins owned a lot next door to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]]. This was only a temporary location. By 1855, they had laid out Plat B, which was southeast of Plat A and nearer the foothills. Hopkins owned two lots in Plat B. Over the next ten years, Mary Ann bore him four additional children.

	In moving to Cedar City, Hopkins had settled in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of its early development.		==== The Deseret Iron Company ====

			In moving to Cedar City, Hopkins had settled in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of its early development.

			==== The Ironworks in 1857 ====

	In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life for the Ironworks. After its arrival, they built a new room to house the engine, connected its boiler to a steady water supply and modified the furnace to accommodate the engine. Many settlers in Cedar City worked long hours in the ironworks. In early June they started an iron run using the steam engine. However, the new machinery created its own set of problems. Through the end of July, they experimented with different configurations of furnace, engine and piping, attempting to optimize the blast furnace. In August, they installed a reservoir to provided filtered water to the steam engine to improve its performance. From late August to early September, shortly before the crisis involving the passing Arkansas emigrant company, they began a new furnace run. But it, too, ended in failure, probably around the time that a dispute arose between some community members and several of those in the passing Arkansas wagon train.		In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life for the Ironworks. After its arrival, they built a new room to house the engine, connected its boiler to a steady water supply and modified the furnace to accommodate the engine. Many settlers in Cedar City worked long hours in the ironworks. In early June they started an iron run using the steam engine. However, the new machinery created its own set of problems. Through the end of July, they experimented with different configurations of furnace, engine and piping, attempting to optimize the blast furnace. In August, they installed a reservoir to provided filtered water to the steam engine to improve its performance. From late August to early September, shortly before the crisis involving the passing Arkansas emigrant company, they began a new furnace run. But it, too, ended in failure, probably around the time that a dispute arose between some community members and several of those in the passing Arkansas wagon train.

1857admin: /* In the Iron Military District: Private Charles Hopkins, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion */

2012-03-02T07:02:53Z

In the Iron Military District: Private Charles Hopkins, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:02, 2 March 2012
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	In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander [[William_H._Dame\|Col. William H. Dame.]] The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. [[John M. Higbee\|Major John Higbee]] headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]] of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.		In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander [[William_H._Dame\|Col. William H. Dame.]] The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. [[John M. Higbee\|Major John Higbee]] headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]] of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.

			[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]
	In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.		In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.

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	According to [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Hopkins was at Mountain Meadows and attended the decisive military council on Thursday the 10th. Lee maintains that as he agonized over the fate of the emigrant train, he and Hopkins consulted together.		According to [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Hopkins was at Mountain Meadows and attended the decisive military council on Thursday the 10th. Lee maintains that as he agonized over the fate of the emigrant train, he and Hopkins consulted together.
	~~[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]~~
	Hopkins' exact role in the massacre on Friday, September 11, is unknown. However, as a member of the Cedar City detachment, he probably was in the guard unit that walked beside the emigrant men as they walked northward from the protection of their wagon circle to meet their fate. As the massacre commenced, the duty of the guards was to wheel and fire on the emigrant men, quickly dispatching them. Yet during the actual massacre, reactions varied among the guards. Some shrank from their duty, others fired over the heads of their victims, while others still undertook their bloody duty with zeal. Within minutes, members of the Cedar City unit had killed all but three of the emigrant men. However, whether Hopkins was in this guard unit and if so, how he acted during the massacre will probably never be known with any certainty.		Hopkins' exact role in the massacre on Friday, September 11, is unknown. However, as a member of the Cedar City detachment, he probably was in the guard unit that walked beside the emigrant men as they walked northward from the protection of their wagon circle to meet their fate. As the massacre commenced, the duty of the guards was to wheel and fire on the emigrant men, quickly dispatching them. Yet during the actual massacre, reactions varied among the guards. Some shrank from their duty, others fired over the heads of their victims, while others still undertook their bloody duty with zeal. Within minutes, members of the Cedar City unit had killed all but three of the emigrant men. However, whether Hopkins was in this guard unit and if so, how he acted during the massacre will probably never be known with any certainty.

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:45, 9 December 2013
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	In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.		In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.
	~~[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]~~

	At age 47, Hopkins was among the more senior militiamen recruited to Mountains Meadows after the initial attack on the wagon train on Monday the 7th. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Charles Hopkins was on the Cedar City high council and was among those who arrived at Mountain Meadows with a detachment from Cedar City.		At age 47, Hopkins was among the more senior militiamen recruited to Mountains Meadows after the initial attack on the wagon train on Monday the 7th. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Charles Hopkins was on the Cedar City high council and was among those who arrived at Mountain Meadows with a detachment from Cedar City.
			[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]

	According to [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Hopkins was at Mountain Meadows and attended the decisive military council on Thursday the 10th. Lee maintains that as he agonized over the fate of the emigrant train, he and Hopkins consulted together.		According to [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Hopkins was at Mountain Meadows and attended the decisive military council on Thursday the 10th. Lee maintains that as he agonized over the fate of the emigrant train, he and Hopkins consulted together.

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:44, 9 December 2013
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	In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander [[William_H._Dame\|Col. William H. Dame.]] The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. [[John M. Higbee\|Major John Higbee]] headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]] of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.		In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander [[William_H._Dame\|Col. William H. Dame.]] The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. [[John M. Higbee\|Major John Higbee]] headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]] of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.

			In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.
	[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]		[[Image:IMG.jpg\|right\|250px\|Charles A. Hopkins]]
	In September 1857, Hopkins was a private in a platoon in [[Joel White\|Captain Joel White's]] Company D, which was attached to [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac C. Haight's]] 2nd Battalion in the Iron Military District. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.

	At age 47, Hopkins was among the more senior militiamen recruited to Mountains Meadows after the initial attack on the wagon train on Monday the 7th. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Charles Hopkins was on the Cedar City high council and was among those who arrived at Mountain Meadows with a detachment from Cedar City.		At age 47, Hopkins was among the more senior militiamen recruited to Mountains Meadows after the initial attack on the wagon train on Monday the 7th. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Charles Hopkins was on the Cedar City high council and was among those who arrived at Mountain Meadows with a detachment from Cedar City.