James Williamson - Revision history

1857admin: /* Early Years in Scotland */

2014-01-28T10:05:08Z

Early Years in Scotland

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:05, 28 January 2014
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	=== Early Years in Scotland ===		=== Early Years in Scotland ===

	James Williamson was born in ~~1815~~ in Ballochney in the Scottish Lowlands to James and Margaret Cummings Williamson. He was the fourth of five children. Little is known of his childhood. In 1838, he married Mary Rae (1818-1889), from Skillhill, Scotland. She was the daughter of Thomas and Mary Thompson Rae. Eventually, they had six children, four of whom survived to adulthood. In the 1840s, they lived in Whiflet, Lanackshire, Scotland, near Glasgow, which was the most populous city in Scotland located in the west central lowlands. In 1843, he received baptism to become a member of the Mormon Church in Scotland.		James Williamson was born in 1813 in Ballochney in the Scottish Lowlands to James and Margaret Cummings Williamson. He was the fourth of five children. Little is known of his childhood. In 1838, he married Mary Rae (1818-1889), from Skillhill, Scotland. She was the daughter of Thomas and Mary Thompson Rae. Eventually, they had six children, four of whom survived to adulthood. In the 1840s, they lived in Whiflet, Lanackshire, Scotland, near Glasgow, which was the most populous city in Scotland located in the west central lowlands. In 1843, he received baptism to become a member of the Mormon Church in Scotland.

	=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===		=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===

1857admin: /* Immigration to America and onto Utah */

2014-01-08T20:26:01Z

Immigration to America and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:26, 8 January 2014
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	Following the common practice of European Latter-day Saints of that era, Williamson and his wife and family embarked from Liverpool, England in early 1848, bound for America. They arrived at New Orleans and steamed up the Mississippi River where they disembarked in St. Louis, Missouri.		Following the common practice of European Latter-day Saints of that era, Williamson and his wife and family embarked from Liverpool, England in early 1848, bound for America. They arrived at New Orleans and steamed up the Mississippi River where they disembarked in St. Louis, Missouri.

	They stayed there until spring 1851 ~~when~~, ~~after gathering~~ sufficient means to continue their journey, they joined the James W. Cummings Company, which departed from the outfitting post at Kanesville (present day Council Bluffs), Iowa in early July. However, by the second week of July, the Williamsons and other Scots had separated from the company to form the James Easton Company, sometimes known informally as the Scotch Independent Company. They were dissatisfied with the pace of the company and were concerned that they would have enough provisions for the entire distance.		They stayed there until spring 1851 where, having gathered sufficient means to continue their journey, they joined the James W. Cummings Company, which departed from the outfitting post at Kanesville (present day Council Bluffs), Iowa in early July. However, by the second week of July, the Williamsons and other Scots had separated from the company to form the James Easton Company, sometimes known informally as the Scotch Independent Company. They were dissatisfied with the pace of the company and were concerned that they would not have enough provisions for the entire distance.
	[[Image:Mormon Trail.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\|<center>'''The Mormon Trail'''</center>]]		[[Image:Mormon Trail.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\|<center>'''The Mormon Trail'''</center>]]

	It was a very heavy travel season on the overland trail that year due to the California Gold Rush. Cholera was also epidemic and there were deaths due to cholera. They passed the usual milestones on the trail: Fort Kearney, the South Fork of the Platte River, Chimney Rock, Fort Laramie, the Sweetwater River, Independence Rock, Devil's Gate, Green River, Fort Bridger, Bear River, and Weber River. They reached the valley of the Salt ~~Lake~~ Lake in mid-September, several weeks ahead of the Cummings ~~company~~.		It was a very heavy travel season on the overland trail that year due to the California Gold Rush. Cholera was also epidemic and there were deaths due to cholera. They passed the usual milestones on the trail: Fort Kearney, the South Fork of the Platte River, Chimney Rock, Fort Laramie, the Sweetwater River, Independence Rock, Devil's Gate, Green River, Fort Bridger, Bear River, and Weber River. They reached the valley of the Great Salt Lake in mid-September, several weeks ahead of the Cummings Company.

	=== To the Ironworks at Cedar City ===		=== To the Ironworks at Cedar City ===

1857admin at 20:22, 8 January 2014

2014-01-08T20:22:37Z

1857admin: /* Immigration to America and onto Utah */

2014-01-08T19:53:24Z

Immigration to America and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:53, 8 January 2014
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	=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===		=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===

	Following the common practice of European Latter-day Saints of that era, Williamson and his wife and family embarked from Liverpool, England in early 1848, bound for America. They arrived at New Orleans and steamed up the Mississippi River where they disembarked in St. Louis, Missouri. They stayed there until spring 1851 when, after gathering sufficient means to continue their journey, they crossed the plains to Utah Territory as part of the Scotch Independent Company.<br>		Following the common practice of European Latter-day Saints of that era, Williamson and his wife and family embarked from Liverpool, England in early 1848, bound for America. They arrived at New Orleans and steamed up the Mississippi River where they disembarked in St. Louis, Missouri.

			They stayed there until spring 1851 when, after gathering sufficient means to continue their journey, they




			crossed the plains to Utah Territory as part of the Scotch Independent Company.<br>

	=== To the Ironworks at Cedar City ===		=== To the Ironworks at Cedar City ===

1857admin: /* Immigration to America and onto Utah */

2014-01-01T00:02:56Z

Immigration to America and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:02, 1 January 2014
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	=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===		=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===

	Following the common practice of European Latter-day Saints of that era, Williamson and his wife and family embarked from Liverpool, England in early 1848, bound for America. They arrived at New Orleans and steamed up the Mississippi River where they ~~disembarkined~~ in St. Louis, Missouri. They stayed there until spring 1851 when, after gathering sufficient means to continue their journey, they crossed the plains to Utah Territory as part of the Scotch Independent Company.<br>		Following the common practice of European Latter-day Saints of that era, Williamson and his wife and family embarked from Liverpool, England in early 1848, bound for America. They arrived at New Orleans and steamed up the Mississippi River where they disembarked in St. Louis, Missouri. They stayed there until spring 1851 when, after gathering sufficient means to continue their journey, they crossed the plains to Utah Territory as part of the Scotch Independent Company.<br>

	=== To the Ironworks at Cedar City ===		=== To the Ironworks at Cedar City ===

1857admin: /* Final Years */

2013-12-12T01:02:34Z

Final Years

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:02, 12 December 2013
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	=== Final Years ===		=== Final Years ===

	~~One biographical note mentions that~~ James's wife, Mary, ~~suffered from poor health in later years~~. ~~She~~ died in 1889 at the age of 70. The ~~following year,~~ James ~~and Mary's son, Thomas Rae~~ Williamson~~, died at the age of 43, leaving a wife~~ and ~~eight children. On April 19, 1891, James Williamson died in Wellsville, having just passed~~ his ~~76th birthday. His other~~ son~~, James Rae Williamson, died of a heart attack, reportedly on the same day as his father. That son left a wife and ten children. James and Mary Rae Williamson~~ were ~~buried~~ in ~~Wellsville, survived by several remaining children~~ and ~~many grandchildren~~.		James Williamson died in 1869 in Cache Valley at the age of 51, survived by his wife, Mary, and children. Mary died in 1889 at the age of 70.

			The headstones of James Williamson and his namesake son each proudly note that they were pioneers to Utah in 1851 and to Cache County in 1859.

	<br>		<br>

1857admin: /* Later Life */

2013-11-13T09:16:40Z

Later Life

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:16, 13 November 2013
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	In 1861, Mormon leaders discontinued the handcart experiment in immigrating poor European church members to Utah Territory. The new method of transport was the "down and back" companies. These companies left Utah in the late winter, traveled to the Missouri River, retreived poor European emigrants and their few belongings, and transported them to Utah where they arrived in the summer or early fall. In 1863, Williamson joined one of these wagon companies, traveling though high waters for a portion of the trip. Traveling 2200 miles round trip, they brought about 250 members of the Willaim B. Preston train to Utah that summer.		In 1861, Mormon leaders discontinued the handcart experiment in immigrating poor European church members to Utah Territory. The new method of transport was the "down and back" companies. These companies left Utah in the late winter, traveled to the Missouri River, retreived poor European emigrants and their few belongings, and transported them to Utah where they arrived in the summer or early fall. In 1863, Williamson joined one of these wagon companies, traveling though high waters for a portion of the trip. Traveling 2200 miles round trip, they brought about 250 members of the Willaim B. Preston train to Utah that summer.

			In 1865, when the Cache Militiary District was reorganized, James Williamson was a private in Company E of the 3rd Battalion of the Cache Brigade. The brigade consisted of 177 officers and nearly 1400 men and its major duty was to protect the settlements from Indian attacks. Soon, the Black Hawk War erupted in central Utah and spread to the south. However, there were few problems with Indians in Cache Valley during those years.
	[[Image:Mary Rae Williamson.jpg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Mary Rae Williamson]]		[[Image:Mary Rae Williamson.jpg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Mary Rae Williamson]]
	In 1865, when the Cache Militiary District was reorganized, James Williamson was a private in Company E of the 3rd Battalion of the Cache Brigade. The brigade consisted of 177 officers and nearly 1400 men and its major duty was to protect the settlements from Indian attacks. Soon, the Black Hawk War erupted in central Utah and spread to the south. However, there were few problems with Indians in Cache Valley during those years.

	In 1868, his son James Rae Williamson married Esther Ann Nowlin, the daughter of Jabez and Amanda Nowlin. [[Jabez Nowlin\|Jabez Nowlin]] was a fellow Iron County militiamen allegedly involved in the 1857 massacre at Mountain Meadows. The Nowlins had moved to Wellsville in Cache Valley in 1867.		In 1868, his son James Rae Williamson married Esther Ann Nowlin, the daughter of Jabez and Amanda Nowlin. [[Jabez Nowlin\|Jabez Nowlin]] was a fellow Iron County militiamen allegedly involved in the 1857 massacre at Mountain Meadows. The Nowlins had moved to Wellsville in Cache Valley in 1867.

1857admin: /* In the Iron Military District: Private James Williamson, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion */

2013-11-13T09:10:52Z

In the Iron Military District: Private James Williamson, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:10, 13 November 2013
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	James Williamson was not identified in Judge Cradlebaught's 1859 arrest warrant, in T.B.H. Stenhouse's ''Rocky Mountain Saints,'' in Lee's autobiography, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' nor in his counsel, William Bishop's, list of massacre participants. However, during the first trial of John D. Lee in 1875, Iron County militiaman [[Joel White\|Joel White]] later identified "Jimmy" Williamson as among those at Mountain Meadows with the Cedar City militia contingent.		James Williamson was not identified in Judge Cradlebaught's 1859 arrest warrant, in T.B.H. Stenhouse's ''Rocky Mountain Saints,'' in Lee's autobiography, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' nor in his counsel, William Bishop's, list of massacre participants. However, during the first trial of John D. Lee in 1875, Iron County militiaman [[Joel White\|Joel White]] later identified "Jimmy" Williamson as among those at Mountain Meadows with the Cedar City militia contingent.

	[[Image:Cache_Valley_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|~~350px~~\|<center>'''Map of Cache Valley, Utah.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Cache_Valley_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''Map of Cache Valley, Utah.'''</center>]]

	=== Later Life ===		=== Later Life ===

1857admin: /* In the Iron Military District: Private James Williamson, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion */

2013-11-13T09:10:00Z

In the Iron Military District: Private James Williamson, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:10, 13 November 2013
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	James Williamson was not identified in Judge Cradlebaught's 1859 arrest warrant, in T.B.H. Stenhouse's ''Rocky Mountain Saints,'' in Lee's autobiography, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' nor in his counsel, William Bishop's, list of massacre participants. However, during the first trial of John D. Lee in 1875, Iron County militiaman [[Joel White\|Joel White]] later identified "Jimmy" Williamson as among those at Mountain Meadows with the Cedar City militia contingent.		James Williamson was not identified in Judge Cradlebaught's 1859 arrest warrant, in T.B.H. Stenhouse's ''Rocky Mountain Saints,'' in Lee's autobiography, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' nor in his counsel, William Bishop's, list of massacre participants. However, during the first trial of John D. Lee in 1875, Iron County militiaman [[Joel White\|Joel White]] later identified "Jimmy" Williamson as among those at Mountain Meadows with the Cedar City militia contingent.

			[[Image:Cache_Valley_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|350px\|<center>'''Map of Cache Valley, Utah.'''</center>]]

	=== Later Life ===		=== Later Life ===

1857admin: /* Mining and Processing Coal for the Iron Works */

2012-03-02T06:29:04Z

Mining and Processing Coal for the Iron Works

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:29, 2 March 2012
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	==== Mining and Processing Coal for the Iron Works ====		==== Mining and Processing Coal for the Iron Works ====

	[[Image:Sketch - Iron works.jpg\|thumb~~\|right~~\|400px\|The Early Ironworks in Cedar City.]]		[[Image:Sketch - Iron works.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''The Early Ironworks in Cedar City'''</center>]]

	Williamson was involved from the beginning in the Iron Mission. He was among those who searched for iron ore near Iron Springs. He received credit for work on the ironworks and held shares in the Deseret Iron Company. However, in late 1853, he was among six who asked permission to withdraw as shareholders, evidently for lack of capital to fund their investment.		Williamson was involved from the beginning in the Iron Mission. He was among those who searched for iron ore near Iron Springs. He received credit for work on the ironworks and held shares in the Deseret Iron Company. However, in late 1853, he was among six who asked permission to withdraw as shareholders, evidently for lack of capital to fund their investment.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:22, 8 January 2014
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	'''James Williamson'''		'''James Williamson'''

	'''~~1815~~-~~1891~~'''		'''1813-1869'''

	<br>		<br>
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	Following the common practice of European Latter-day Saints of that era, Williamson and his wife and family embarked from Liverpool, England in early 1848, bound for America. They arrived at New Orleans and steamed up the Mississippi River where they disembarked in St. Louis, Missouri.		Following the common practice of European Latter-day Saints of that era, Williamson and his wife and family embarked from Liverpool, England in early 1848, bound for America. They arrived at New Orleans and steamed up the Mississippi River where they disembarked in St. Louis, Missouri.

	They stayed there until spring 1851 when, after gathering sufficient means to continue their journey, they		They stayed there until spring 1851 when, after gathering sufficient means to continue their journey, they joined the James W. Cummings Company, which departed from the outfitting post at Kanesville (present day Council Bluffs), Iowa in early July. However, by the second week of July, the Williamsons and other Scots had separated from the company to form the James Easton Company, sometimes known informally as the Scotch Independent Company. They were dissatisfied with the pace of the company and were concerned that they would have enough provisions for the entire distance.
			[[Image:Mormon Trail.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\|<center>'''The Mormon Trail'''</center>]]

			It was a very heavy travel season on the overland trail that year due to the California Gold Rush. Cholera was also epidemic and there were deaths due to cholera. They passed the usual milestones on the trail: Fort Kearney, the South Fork of the Platte River, Chimney Rock, Fort Laramie, the Sweetwater River, Independence Rock, Devil's Gate, Green River, Fort Bridger, Bear River, and Weber River. They reached the valley of the Salt Lake Lake in mid-September, several weeks ahead of the Cummings company.


	~~crossed~~ the ~~plains~~ to ~~Utah Territory as part~~ of the ~~Scotch Independent Company~~.~~<br>~~

	=== To the Ironworks at Cedar City ===		=== To the Ironworks at Cedar City ===

	The company continued on to southern Utah where Williamson and his family were among the original settlers in Cedar City in 1851. Williamson was a private in original company F (foot) of 2nd Battalion, Iron Regiment. He was listed among the original iron workers in 1851-52. However, in 1852, Williamson and another Scot, Alexander Keir, opposed Henry Lunt’s efforts to press company F into building fences.		The company continued on to southern Utah where Williamson and his family were among the original settlers in Cedar City in 1851. Williamson was a private in original company F (foot) of the 2nd Battalion, Iron Regiment. He was listed among the original iron workers in 1851-52. However, in 1852, Williamson and another Scot, Alexander Keir, opposed Henry Lunt’s efforts to press company F into building fences.

	==== Mining and Processing Coal for the Iron Works ====		==== Mining and Processing Coal for the Iron Works ====

	[[Image:Sketch - Iron works.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''The Early Ironworks in Cedar City'''</center>]]		[[Image:Sketch - Iron works.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''The Early Ironworks in Cedar City'''</center>]]

	Williamson was involved from the beginning in the Iron Mission. He was among those who searched for iron ore near Iron Springs. He received credit for work on the ironworks and held shares in the Deseret Iron Company. However, in late 1853, he was among six who asked permission to withdraw as shareholders, evidently for lack of capital to fund their investment.		Williamson was involved from the beginning in the Iron Mission. He was among those who searched for iron ore near Iron Springs. He received credit for work on the ironworks and held shares in the Deseret Iron Company. However, in late 1853, he was among six who asked permission to withdraw as shareholders, evidently for lack of capital to fund their investment.

	In 1854, he was one of the miners who mined coal and quarried rock for the new so-called "Nobel" furnace. The account book of the Deseret Iron Company consistently refers to Williamson's role in connection with coal: exploring for coal, starting a new coal mine, digging coal, and converting coal to coke. In the coal crews, his name is frequently listed first. While the common laborer typically received $2 per day, Williamson's daily pay rate was frequently higher than the base rate. In other words, when it came to coal for the Ironworks, the Cedar City ironworkers recognized Williamson for his skill and expertise. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of the early development fo the Ironworks.		In 1854, he was one of the miners who mined coal and quarried rock for the new so-called "Nobel" furnace. The account book of the Deseret Iron Company consistently refers to Williamson's role in connection with coal: exploring for coal, starting a new coal mine, digging coal, and converting coal to coke. In the coal crews, his name is frequently listed first. Williamson was effectively the foreman of the coalminers. While the common laborer typically received $2 per day, Williamson's daily pay rate was frequently higher than the base rate. In other words, when it came to coal for the Ironworks, the Cedar City ironworkers recognized Williamson for his skill and expertise. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of the early development fo the Ironworks.

	==== The Ironworks in 1857 ====		==== The Ironworks in 1857 ====
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	==== Williamson's Role in the Ironworks ====		==== Williamson's Role in the Ironworks ====

	During this period in 1857, few ironworkers performed more work than Williamson and he proved to have both strength and versatility. In the late winter, he traveled up ~~the~~ canyon in search of better routes to the coal mines. After the new steam engine arrived in April, he worked on the site of the new engine house. In May, he improved the road up ~~the~~ canyon to the coal mines. As the mechanics "fitted up" the steam engine and the masons built its foundation, Williamson acted as a mason's helper and later helped them build the new engine house. In June, Williamson moved back to the canyon to mine more coal which would be converted to coke. Later that month when mechanics worked on the flywheel and counterwheel for the engine, he again worked as a mason's helper in the engine room. He helped dig a line to the cistern. When they worked on adjusting the height and configuration of the furnace stack, Williamson hauled lumber and shingles. In July, when the masons ~~build~~ up the hearth in the furnace, he helped the masons. Next, when they worked more on the blast pipes, furnace and raceway, he hauled necessary materials. Late that month and extending into August, he returned to the canyon to dig coal to support the iron run. When it proved necessary to build a reservoir for water for the steam engine, Williamson helped build it. Then he returned ~~to the~~ canyon to dig more coal to convert to coke for the furnace.		During this period in 1857, few ironworkers performed more work than Williamson and he proved to have both strength and versatility. In the late winter, he traveled up canyon in search of better routes to the coal mines. After the new steam engine arrived in April, he worked on the site of the new engine house. In May, he improved the road up canyon to the coal mines. As the mechanics "fitted up" the steam engine and the masons built its foundation, Williamson acted as a mason's helper and later helped them build the new engine house. In June, Williamson moved back to the canyon to mine more coal which would be converted to coke. Later that month when mechanics worked on the flywheel and counterwheel for the engine, he again worked as a mason's helper in the engine room. He helped dig a line to the cistern. When they worked on adjusting the height and configuration of the furnace stack, Williamson hauled lumber and shingles. In July, when the masons built up the hearth in the furnace, he helped the masons. Next, when they worked more on the blast pipes, furnace and raceway, he hauled necessary materials. Late that month and extending into August, he returned to the canyon to dig coal to support the iron run. When it proved necessary to build a reservoir for water for the steam engine, Williamson helped build it. Then he returned up canyon to dig more coal to convert to coke for the furnace.

	The majority of the southern Utah militiamen at Mountain Meadows were from Cedar City. Of these, nearly all of them had worked at the Ironworks or supplied raw materials to it. Indeed, in the weeks before the Mountain Meadows Massacre, they had worked intensely together, hauling materials, building a new water reservoir, and making the latest run of the blast furnace. One perennial mystery of the massacre has been why the militiamen mustered to Mountain Meadows in “broken” militia units; that is, from different platoons and companies, none of which had a full compliment of its members. Perhaps the reason lies with the Ironworks. Those in the Ironworks knew each other and had worked alongside one another. Not only did James Williamson knew those who mustered from Cedar City to Mountain Meadows, he had worked with them at the Ironworks as recently as the week before. Perhaps the answer is that the men of the Ironworks were on hand and available and Isaac Haight, who himself had worked closely with them, assigned them to muster to Mountain Meadows.		The majority of the southern Utah militiamen at Mountain Meadows were from Cedar City. Of these, nearly all of them had worked at the Ironworks or supplied raw materials to it. Indeed, in the weeks before the Mountain Meadows Massacre, they had worked intensely together, hauling materials, building a new water reservoir, and making the latest run of the blast furnace. One perennial mystery of the massacre has been why the militiamen mustered to Mountain Meadows in “broken” militia units; that is, from different platoons and companies, none of which had a full compliment of its members. Perhaps the reason lies with the Ironworks. Those in the Ironworks knew each other and had worked alongside one another. Not only did James Williamson knew those who mustered from Cedar City to Mountain Meadows, he had worked with them at the Ironworks as recently as the week before. Perhaps the answer is that the men of the Ironworks were on hand and available and Isaac Haight, who himself had worked closely with them, assigned them to muster to Mountain Meadows.
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	[[Image:James_Williamson.jpg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|James Williamson]]On Friday, September 11, many members of the militia contingent from Cedar City acted as guards alongside the emigrant men as they marched northward from their fortified position inside the wagon circle. As the massacre commenced, the duty of the guards was to wheel and fire on the emigrant men, quickly dispatching them. Yet during the actual massacre, reactions varied among the guards. Some shrank from their duty, others fired over the heads of their victims, while others still undertook their bloody duty with zeal. Within minutes, members of the Cedar City unit had killed all but three of the emigrant men. However, whether James Williamson was in this guard unit and if so, how he acted during the massacre will probably never be known with any certainty.		[[Image:James_Williamson.jpg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|James Williamson]]On Friday, September 11, many members of the militia contingent from Cedar City acted as guards alongside the emigrant men as they marched northward from their fortified position inside the wagon circle. As the massacre commenced, the duty of the guards was to wheel and fire on the emigrant men, quickly dispatching them. Yet during the actual massacre, reactions varied among the guards. Some shrank from their duty, others fired over the heads of their victims, while others still undertook their bloody duty with zeal. Within minutes, members of the Cedar City unit had killed all but three of the emigrant men. However, whether James Williamson was in this guard unit and if so, how he acted during the massacre will probably never be known with any certainty.

	James Williamson was not identified in Judge Cradlebaught's 1859 arrest warrant, in T.B.H. Stenhouse's ''Rocky Mountain Saints,'' in Lee's autobiography, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' nor in his counsel, William Bishop's, list of massacre participants. However, during the first trial of John D. Lee in 1875, Iron County militiaman [[Joel White\|Joel White]] ~~later~~ identified "Jimmy" Williamson as among those at Mountain Meadows with the Cedar City militia contingent.		James Williamson was not identified in Judge Cradlebaught's 1859 arrest warrant, in T.B.H. Stenhouse's ''Rocky Mountain Saints,'' in Lee's autobiography, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' nor in his counsel, William Bishop's, list of massacre participants. However, during the first trial of John D. Lee in 1875, Iron County militiaman [[Joel White\|Joel White]] identified "Jimmy" Williamson several times as among those at Mountain Meadows with the Cedar City militia contingent.

			=== Later Life ===
	[[Image:Cache_Valley_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''Map of Cache Valley, Utah.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Cache_Valley_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''Map of Cache Valley, Utah.'''</center>]]

	~~=== Later Life ===~~

	After the twin disasters of the failure of the ironworks and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Williamson and his family departed Cedar City in spring 1859 for Cache Valley in northern Utah. By late spring the same year, Williamson, the Scot emigrant, was in the future site of Wellsville, the "Scotch Town" of this northern county. However, the inhabitants were still occupying Maughan's Fort, which had been founded in 1857. The Williamsons lived in their wagon until they could build a crude cabin. As soon as he arrived in the settlement, he was assigned as a road supervisor to open a road through the nearby canyon, connecting it with the road to Box Elder County. He would have used the same roadbuilding skills he used several years before in the canyons above Cedar City in Iron County. In 1860, another contingent of Scot emigrants swelled the ranks of the pioneers at Maughan's Fort.		After the twin disasters of the failure of the ironworks and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Williamson and his family departed Cedar City in spring 1859 for Cache Valley in northern Utah. By late spring the same year, Williamson, the Scot emigrant, was in the future site of Wellsville, the "Scotch Town" of this northern county. However, the inhabitants were still occupying Maughan's Fort, which had been founded in 1857. The Williamsons lived in their wagon until they could build a crude cabin. As soon as he arrived in the settlement, he was assigned as a road supervisor to open a road through the nearby canyon, connecting it with the road to Box Elder County. He would have used the same roadbuilding skills he used several years before in the canyons above Cedar City in Iron County. In 1860, another contingent of Scot emigrants swelled the ranks of the pioneers at Maughan's Fort.
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	=== Note: A Case of Mistaken Identity: Scot James Williamson (1815-1891) vs. Englishman James Williamson (1804-1882) ===		=== Note: A Case of Mistaken Identity: Scot James Williamson (1815-1891) vs. Englishman James Williamson (1804-1882) ===
	[[Image:James williamson 1.jpg\|thumb\|right\|150px\|James Williamson (1804-1882), settler in Paragonah]]		[[Image:James williamson 1.jpg\|thumb\|right\|150px\|James Williamson (1804-1882), settler in Paragonah]]

	An Englishman named James Williamson (1804-1882) was born in Lancashire and immigrated to Utah in the 1850s. He established himself in Paragonah, more than twenty miles north of Cedar City. He was a polygamist who married two women. He and his wives lived and died in Paragonah. Williamson and several generations of his descendants remained there. He is listed in Esshom's, ''Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah,'' which also contains his photograph, right. A brief biographical sketch is in ''A Memory Bank of Paragonah,'' 428, which provides some of the details noted here.		An Englishman named James Williamson (1804-1882) was born in Lancashire and immigrated to Utah in the 1850s. He established himself in Paragonah, more than twenty miles north of Cedar City. He was a polygamist who married two women. He and his wives lived and died in Paragonah. Williamson and several generations of his descendants remained there. He is listed in Esshom's, ''Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah,'' which also contains his photograph, right. A brief biographical sketch is in ''A Memory Bank of Paragonah,'' 428, which provides some of the details noted here.

	For some time, I thought he was the James Williamson who mined and hauled coal in Cedar City for the ironworks and was at the Mountain Meadows Massacre. However, he was not in Cedar City and did not work at the Cedar City ironworks. Furthermore, no one from Paragonah was involved in the massacre.		For some time, I thought he was the James Williamson who mined and hauled coal in Cedar City for the ironworks and was at the Mountain Meadows Massacre. However, he was not in Cedar City and did not work at the Cedar City ironworks. Furthermore, no one from Paragonah was involved in the massacre.

	After James Williamson (~~1815~~-~~1891~~), the Scot who mined coal for the ironworks, left Cedar City, he moved to Wellsville in Cache Valley in northern Utah. He did not live in Paragonah.		After James Williamson (1813-1869), the Scot who mined coal for the ironworks, left Cedar City, he moved to Wellsville in Cache Valley in northern Utah. He did not live in Paragonah.

	We would appreciate further information about the Scot James Williamson who lived in Cedar City and later moved to Cache Valley.		We would appreciate further information about the Scot James Williamson who lived in Cedar City and later moved to Cache Valley.