William C. Stewart - Revision history

1857admin: /* Immigration to America and onto Utah */

2014-01-08T01:08:37Z

Immigration to America and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:08, 8 January 2014
Line 21:		Line 21:
	=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===		=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===

	In 1853, he sailed to America and by early June, he was at the Mormon way-station at Keokuk, Iowa, where all began fitting out wagons with supplies and provisions. Stewart joined the Appleton M. Harmon Company, which departed on the overland trek that month. Stewart, 26, was traveling alone and he was appointed as a caption of ten. They crossed the Missouri River in mid-July, However, a week later, shifted to Col. Ross's company and traveled the balance of the way in that company.		In 1853, he sailed to America and by early June, he was at the Mormon way-station at Keokuk, Iowa, where all began fitting out wagons with supplies and provisions. Stewart joined the Appleton M. Harmon Company, which departed on the overland trek that month. Stewart, 26, was traveling alone and he was appointed as a caption of ten. They crossed the Missouri River in mid-July, However, a week later, he shifted to Col. Ross's company and traveled the balance of the way in that company.
	[[Image:Mormon Trail.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\|<center>'''The Mormon Trail'''</center>]]		[[Image:Mormon Trail.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\|<center>'''The Mormon Trail'''</center>]]

1857admin at 01:05, 8 January 2014

2014-01-08T01:05:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 8 January 2014
Line 21:		Line 21:
	=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===		=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===

	In ~~the early 1850s (?)~~, he sailed to the ~~United States~~ and ~~immigrated~~ to ~~Utah~~.		In 1853, he sailed to America and by early June, he was at the Mormon way-station at Keokuk, Iowa, where all began fitting out wagons with supplies and provisions. Stewart joined the Appleton M. Harmon Company, which departed on the overland trek that month. Stewart, 26, was traveling alone and he was appointed as a caption of ten. They crossed the Missouri River in mid-July, However, a week later, shifted to Col. Ross's company and traveled the balance of the way in that company.
			[[Image:Mormon Trail.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\|<center>'''The Mormon Trail'''</center>]]

			They passed the usual milestones on the trail: Fort Kearney, the South Fork of the Platte River, Chimney Rock, Fort Laramie, the Sweetwater River, Independence Rock, Devil's Gate, Green River, Fort Bridger, Bear River, and Weber River. After suffering the usual hardships of overland trail they arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake that fall.

	=== To Cedar City and the Iron MIssion ===		=== To Cedar City and the Iron MIssion ===

1857admin at 06:03, 8 December 2013

2013-12-08T06:03:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:03, 8 December 2013
Line 107:		Line 107:
	As federal marshals fanned out across Utah Territory and beyond to serve arrest warrants, Bill Stewart, [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac Haight]] and [[John M. Higbee\|John Higbee]] fled to avoid arrest. They went into hiding and Stewart remained a fugitive. He fled to Arizona.		As federal marshals fanned out across Utah Territory and beyond to serve arrest warrants, Bill Stewart, [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac Haight]] and [[John M. Higbee\|John Higbee]] fled to avoid arrest. They went into hiding and Stewart remained a fugitive. He fled to Arizona.

			=== Final Years ===
	[[Image:Mormon_Colonies.jpg\|right\|thumb\|450px\|<center>'''Mormon Colonies in Mexico.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Mormon_Colonies.jpg\|right\|thumb\|450px\|<center>'''Mormon Colonies in Mexico.'''</center>]]

	~~=== Final Years ===~~

	By the early 1890s, [[William H. Dame\|Col. William Dame]], [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]], [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]], and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Bishop Philip Klingensmith]] were dead and Bill Stewart had fled the country to the Mormon colony in Chihuahua, Mexico. Stewart died there in 1895, around the time the Mountain Meadows prosecutions were finally closed. Higbee had hid out into the 1890s and then he quietly returned to Cedar City where he maintained a low profile. In 1895, the federal indictment against Iron County militiamen for their complicity in the Mountain Meadows Massacre was finally dismissed.		By the early 1890s, [[William H. Dame\|Col. William Dame]], [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]], [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]], and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Bishop Philip Klingensmith]] were dead and Bill Stewart had fled the country to the Mormon colony in Chihuahua, Mexico. Stewart died there in 1895, around the time the Mountain Meadows prosecutions were finally closed. Higbee had hid out into the 1890s and then he quietly returned to Cedar City where he maintained a low profile. In 1895, the federal indictment against Iron County militiamen for their complicity in the Mountain Meadows Massacre was finally dismissed.

1857admin: /* In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas */

2013-12-08T06:00:48Z

In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:00, 8 December 2013
Line 94:		Line 94:

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]
	In November 1862, Bill Stewart, [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[James Pearce\|James Pearce]], [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]] and others accompanied Jacob Hamblin on his fifth crossing of the Colorado, the historic journey in which they circled the Grand Canyon. Heading south from St. George, they brought a boat in a wagon but could not find a passable route to reach the Colorado River. Abandoning the boat, they build raft instead and crossed the river at Grand Wash below the Grand Canyon. En route to the Hopi Mesas they visited the Hualapais and then discovered the magical canyon world of the Havasupais in Havasu Canyon. They passed the San Francisco Peaks and crossed the Little Colorado River.		In November 1862, Bill Stewart, [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[James Pearce\|James Pearce]], [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], and others accompanied Jacob Hamblin on his fifth crossing of the Colorado, the historic journey in which they circled the Grand Canyon. Heading south from St. George, they brought a boat in a wagon but could not find a passable route to reach the Colorado River. Abandoning the boat, they build raft instead and crossed the river at Grand Wash below the Grand Canyon. En route to the Hopi Mesas they visited the Hualapais and then discovered the magical canyon world of the Havasupais in Havasu Canyon. They passed the San Francisco Peaks and crossed the Little Colorado River.

	[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|430px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|430px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]
	Upon arriving at the Hopi Mesas, they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and others ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers), completing a historic circling of the Grand Canyon.		Upon arriving at the Hopi Mesas, they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and others ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers), completing a historic circling of the Grand Canyon. This was Bill Stewart's last time to accompany Hamblin on his expeditions across the Colorado River.

	=== Indicted for Complicity in the Massacre ===		=== Indicted for Complicity in the Massacre ===

1857admin: /* In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas */

2013-12-08T05:53:46Z

In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:53, 8 December 2013
Line 91:		Line 91:
	In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.		In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.

	In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr., Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.		In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr. Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]

1857admin: /* In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas */

2013-12-08T05:51:20Z

In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:51, 8 December 2013
Line 97:		Line 97:

	[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|430px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|430px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]
	Upon arriving at the Hopi Mesas, they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]]~~, John Steele, Lucius Fuller, James Andrus,~~ and ~~Mosiah Hancock~~ ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers), completing a historic circling of the Grand Canyon.		Upon arriving at the Hopi Mesas, they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and others ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers), completing a historic circling of the Grand Canyon.

	=== Indicted for Complicity in the Massacre ===		=== Indicted for Complicity in the Massacre ===

1857admin: /* In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas */

2013-12-08T05:50:10Z

In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:50, 8 December 2013
Line 91:		Line 91:
	In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.		In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.

	In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr. Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.		In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr., Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]

1857admin at 05:42, 8 December 2013

2013-12-08T05:42:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:42, 8 December 2013
Line 86:		Line 86:
	Stewart and his family remained in Cedar City and his wife bore him seven children.		Stewart and his family remained in Cedar City and his wife bore him seven children.

			=== In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas ===
	[[Image:Hopi_Mesas_Map.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|<center>'''Map of the Hopi Mesas.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Hopi_Mesas_Map.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|<center>'''Map of the Hopi Mesas.'''</center>]]
	~~=== In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas ===~~

	In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.		In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.

1857admin at 05:40, 8 December 2013

2013-12-08T05:40:44Z

1857admin at 05:12, 8 December 2013

2013-12-08T05:12:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:12, 8 December 2013
Line 86:		Line 86:
	Stewart and his family remained in Cedar City and his wife bore him seven children.		Stewart and his family remained in Cedar City and his wife bore him seven children.

			[[Image:Hopi_Mesas_Map.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|<center>'''Map of the Hopi Mesas.'''</center>]]
	=== In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas ===		=== In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas ===
	~~[[Image:Hopi_Mesas_Map.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|<center>'''Map of the Hopi Mesas.'''</center>]]~~

	In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.		In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:00, 8 December 2013
Line 94:		Line 94:

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]
	In November 1862, Bill Stewart, [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[James Pearce\|James Pearce]], [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]] and others accompanied Jacob Hamblin on his fifth crossing of the Colorado, the historic journey in which they circled the Grand Canyon. Heading south from St. George, they brought a boat in a wagon but could not find a passable route to reach the Colorado River. Abandoning the boat, they build raft instead and crossed the river at Grand Wash below the Grand Canyon. En route to the Hopi Mesas they visited the Hualapais and then discovered the magical canyon world of the Havasupais in Havasu Canyon. They passed the San Francisco Peaks and crossed the Little Colorado River.		In November 1862, Bill Stewart, [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[James Pearce\|James Pearce]], [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], and others accompanied Jacob Hamblin on his fifth crossing of the Colorado, the historic journey in which they circled the Grand Canyon. Heading south from St. George, they brought a boat in a wagon but could not find a passable route to reach the Colorado River. Abandoning the boat, they build raft instead and crossed the river at Grand Wash below the Grand Canyon. En route to the Hopi Mesas they visited the Hualapais and then discovered the magical canyon world of the Havasupais in Havasu Canyon. They passed the San Francisco Peaks and crossed the Little Colorado River.

	[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|430px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|430px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]
	Upon arriving at the Hopi Mesas, they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and others ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers), completing a historic circling of the Grand Canyon.		Upon arriving at the Hopi Mesas, they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and others ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers), completing a historic circling of the Grand Canyon. This was Bill Stewart's last time to accompany Hamblin on his expeditions across the Colorado River.

	=== Indicted for Complicity in the Massacre ===		=== Indicted for Complicity in the Massacre ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:53, 8 December 2013
Line 91:		Line 91:
	In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.		In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.

	In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr., Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.		In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr. Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:50, 8 December 2013
Line 91:		Line 91:
	In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.		In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.

	In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr. Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.		In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr., Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:40, 8 December 2013
Line 51:		Line 51:
	In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander [[William_H._Dame\|Col. William H. Dame.]] The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) [[Isaac_C._Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. [[John_M._Higbee\|Major John Higbee]] headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. [[John_D._Lee\|Major John D. Lee]] of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.		In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander [[William_H._Dame\|Col. William H. Dame.]] The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) [[Isaac_C._Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. [[John_M._Higbee\|Major John Higbee]] headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. [[John_D._Lee\|Major John D. Lee]] of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.

	In September 1857, William Stewart, 30, was 2nd Lt. in one of the Cedar City platoons. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.		In September 1857, William "Bill" Stewart, 30, was 2nd Lt. in one of the Cedar City platoons. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.

	==== Sunday, September 6 ====		==== Sunday, September 6 ====
Line 72:		Line 72:
	==== Thursday, September 10 ====		==== Thursday, September 10 ====

	On Thursday, September 10, more militia reinforcements arrived at the meadows. That evening, according to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], nearly 25 Cedar City citizens attended the war council. However, although it seems likely that Bill Stewart was present at the council, Lee failed to mention Stewart by name. But whether present or not ~~Stewart was present~~, his earlier actions were at the center of the debate that evening. The fact than an emigrant had survived the fusilade of the Mormon sentries and escaped to rejoin his compatriots figured prominently in the arguments for "silencing" the entire company. "The killing of Aden is what caused, more than anything else, the decision to destroy the whole company" because, [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Willden]] explained, the retreating man "was supposed to have reported in the camp that the whites were in league with the Indians to kill the emigrants." "After that," continued Willden, "it seemed to become necessary to kill all to silence the rest. . . ."		On Thursday, September 10, more militia reinforcements arrived at the meadows. That evening, according to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], nearly 25 Cedar City citizens attended the war council. However, although it seems likely that Bill Stewart was present at the council, Lee failed to mention Stewart by name. But whether present or not, his earlier actions were at the center of the debate that evening. The fact than an emigrant had survived the fusilade of the Mormon sentries and escaped to rejoin his compatriots figured prominently in the arguments for "silencing" the entire company. "The killing of Aden is what caused, more than anything else, the decision to destroy the whole company" because, [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Willden]] explained, the retreating man "was supposed to have reported in the camp that the whites were in league with the Indians to kill the emigrants." "After that," continued Willden, "it seemed to become necessary to kill all to silence the rest. . . ."

	==== Friday, September 11 ====		==== Friday, September 11 ====
Line 78:		Line 78:
	In the main massacre on Friday, September 11, many witnesses mention Bill Stewart's prominence. The plan was to have mounted riders sweep the field to cut down those who escaped the initial fusilade. However, according to [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Willden]], Bill Stewart and [[Joel White\|Joel White]] were so enthusiastic in pursuit of fleeing emigrants that Stewart was mistaken for an emigrant himself and nearly shot by his own forces. "[W]ild with enthusiasm," Willden said, Stewart raced after one fleeing man for several hundred yards before killing him. "It was well known," Willden maintained, that Stewart along with [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]] and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Philip Klingensmith]] "were the most bloodthirsty."		In the main massacre on Friday, September 11, many witnesses mention Bill Stewart's prominence. The plan was to have mounted riders sweep the field to cut down those who escaped the initial fusilade. However, according to [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Willden]], Bill Stewart and [[Joel White\|Joel White]] were so enthusiastic in pursuit of fleeing emigrants that Stewart was mistaken for an emigrant himself and nearly shot by his own forces. "[W]ild with enthusiasm," Willden said, Stewart raced after one fleeing man for several hundred yards before killing him. "It was well known," Willden maintained, that Stewart along with [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]] and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Philip Klingensmith]] "were the most bloodthirsty."

	After the massacre, Lee saw Higbee, Klingensmith and Stewart looting some of the bodies.		After the massacre, Lee saw [[John M. Higbee\|Higbee]], [[Philip Klingensmith\|Klingensmith]] and Stewart looting some of the bodies.

	After returning to Cedar City, Bill and Mary Ann Stewart took in one of the surviving children, eighteen-month-old Felix Marion Jones.		After returning to Cedar City, Bill and Mary Ann Stewart took in one of the surviving children, eighteen-month-old Felix Marion Jones.
Line 91:		Line 91:
	In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.		In fall 1858, [[Jacob Hamblin\|Jacob Hamblin]] decided to visit the Indians who intrigued him so much, the Hopi. Over the years he would make many trips to the Hopi Mesas and Navajo lands. In fall 1860, Hamblin set out again for the Hopi Mesas. This was Hamblin's third crossing of the Colorado. Among those who journeyed with him was George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith. After crossing the Colorado River at the Ute Ford, or Crossing of the Fathers, they proceeded as far as Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash. There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith, Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas.

	In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr. [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], ~~William Stewart~~ and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.		In February 1861, Hamblin returned to Arizona to recover the remains of George Smith, Jr. Bill Stewart, [[Samuel Knight\|Sam Knight]], [[Amos G. Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], and others accompanied him on this fourth crossing of the Colorado River. Following their previous route they arrived at the Ute Ford and crossed to the south of the river. Traveling generally southeast, they passed the Inscription House ruins. Fearing to go farther into Navajo lands, they sent their Paiute companions ahead to retrieve what they could of Smith’s remains. Then they returned to Utah via the Ute Ford without going to the Hopi Mesas.

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|left\|400px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash.'''</center>]]
	In November 1862, Nephi Johnson, [[James Pearce\|James Pearce~~]], [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart~~]], [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]] and others accompanied Jacob Hamblin on his fifth crossing of the Colorado, the historic journey in which they circled the Grand Canyon. Heading south from St. George, they brought a boat in a wagon but could not find a passable route to reach the Colorado River. Abandoning the boat they build raft instead and crossed the river at Grand Wash below the Grand Canyon. En route to the Hopi Mesas they visited the Hualapais and then discovered the magical canyon world of the Havasupais in Havasu Canyon. They passed the San Francisco Peaks and crossed the Little Colorado River.		In November 1862, Bill Stewart, [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[James Pearce\|James Pearce]], [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]] and others accompanied Jacob Hamblin on his fifth crossing of the Colorado, the historic journey in which they circled the Grand Canyon. Heading south from St. George, they brought a boat in a wagon but could not find a passable route to reach the Colorado River. Abandoning the boat, they build raft instead and crossed the river at Grand Wash below the Grand Canyon. En route to the Hopi Mesas they visited the Hualapais and then discovered the magical canyon world of the Havasupais in Havasu Canyon. They passed the San Francisco Peaks and crossed the Little Colorado River.

	[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|430px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|right\|430px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]
	Upon arriving at the Hopi Mesas, they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, Ira Hatch, Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent Nephi Johnson, Steele, Fuller Andrus and Hancock ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers), completing a historic circling of the Grand Canyon.		Upon arriving at the Hopi Mesas, they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], John Steele, Lucius Fuller, James Andrus, and Mosiah Hancock ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers), completing a historic circling of the Grand Canyon.

	=== Indicted for Complicity in the Massacre ===		=== Indicted for Complicity in the Massacre ===
Line 111:		Line 111:
	=== Final Years ===		=== Final Years ===

	By the early 1890s, [[William H. Dame\|Col. William Dame]], [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]], [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]]~~ ~~and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Bishop Philip Klingensmith]] were dead and ~~William~~ Stewart had fled the country to the Mormon colony in Chihuahua, Mexico. Stewart died there in 1895, around the time the Mountain Meadows prosecutions were finally closed. Higbee had hid out into the 1890s and then he quietly returned to Cedar City where he maintained a low profile. In 1895, the federal indictment against Iron County militiamen for their complicity in the Mountain Meadows Massacre was finally dismissed.		By the early 1890s, [[William H. Dame\|Col. William Dame]], [[Isaac C. Haight\|Major Isaac Haight]], [[John D. Lee\|Major John D. Lee]], and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Bishop Philip Klingensmith]] were dead and Bill Stewart had fled the country to the Mormon colony in Chihuahua, Mexico. Stewart died there in 1895, around the time the Mountain Meadows prosecutions were finally closed. Higbee had hid out into the 1890s and then he quietly returned to Cedar City where he maintained a low profile. In 1895, the federal indictment against Iron County militiamen for their complicity in the Mountain Meadows Massacre was finally dismissed.

	= References =		= References =

	Aird, Bagley and Nichols, ''Playing With Shadows,'' 278, 280, 281; Bagley, ''Blood of the Prophets,'' 120, 128, 133, 142, 148, 153, 205, 226, 229, 242, 283, 290, 309-11, 323, 325; Bigler and Bagley, ''Innocent Blood: Essential Narratives,'' 235, 328, 345, 411, 413, 421; Brooks, ''The Mountain Meadows Massacre,'' 67, 176, 194; Brooks, ed., ''Journal of the Southern Indian Mission,'' 106; Fielding, ed., ''The Tribune Reports of the Trials of John D. Lee,'' 42-43; Lee, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' 230, 235, 244, 273, 293, 380; Lee Trial transcripts; New.Familysearch.org; Novak, ''House of Mourning,'' 171; Solomon, ''Joseph Knight,'' 100; Turley and Walker, ''Mountain Meadows Massacre: The Jenson and Morris Collections,'' 111, 150, 159-60, 189, 191, 202, 206, 209, 216-17, 220-21; Walker, et al, ''Massacre at Mountain Meadows,'' 157, 159, 160, 163-64, 167, 200, 207, 219, 229-30, Appendix C, 262; Woolley, ''Personal History of Isaac Haight,'' 100 (photo).''		Aird, Bagley and Nichols, ''Playing With Shadows,'' 278, 280, 281; Bagley, ''Blood of the Prophets,'' 120, 128, 133, 142, 148, 153, 205, 226, 229, 242, 283, 290, 309-11, 323, 325; Bigler and Bagley, ''Innocent Blood: Essential Narratives,'' 235, 328, 345, 411, 413, 421; Brooks, ''The Mountain Meadows Massacre,'' 67, 176, 194; Brooks, ed., ''Journal of the Southern Indian Mission,'' 106; Compton, ''A Frontier Life,'' 189-91, 208, 211; Fielding, ed., ''The Tribune Reports of the Trials of John D. Lee,'' 42-43; Lee, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' 230, 235, 244, 273, 293, 380; Lee Trial transcripts; New.Familysearch.org; Novak, ''House of Mourning,'' 171; Solomon, ''Joseph Knight,'' 100; Turley and Walker, ''Mountain Meadows Massacre: The Jenson and Morris Collections,'' 111, 150, 159-60, 189, 191, 202, 206, 209, 216-17, 220-21; Walker, et al, ''Massacre at Mountain Meadows,'' 157, 159, 160, 163-64, 167, 200, 207, 219, 229-30, Appendix C, 262; Woolley, ''Personal History of Isaac Haight,'' 100 (photo).''

	For full bibliographic information, see [[Bibliography]].		For full bibliographic information, see [[Bibliography]].