William Bateman
William Bateman, his personal and family background, and his involvement in the Mountain Meadows Massacre
William Bateman
1824-1867
Biographical Sketch
A native of Lancashire in the Northwest of England, William Bateman was a British emigrant to the United States and a pioneer in southern Utah who later settled in Cache Valley in northern Utah.
Early Years in the North of England
Bateman was born in Bolton, Lancashire, England to Joseph Bateman and Margaret Turner. In 1843, he married Sarah Lavender (1824-1898) from Bedfordshire, East Anglia, England. Joseph and Margaret Bateman and many of their children converted to Mormonism in the 1840s.
Immigration to America and onto Utah
Like many British converts to Mormonism in the mid-19th century, the Batemans saved their money to immigrate to America. Joseph Bateman and his wife were among the earliest British converts to Mormonism to immigrant to the United States, sailing to America in the early 1840s. When the Mormons departed western Illinois in 1846 and moved westward, so, too, did the Batemans. They crossed through the Iowa mud in 1846 and spent several years in the temporary Mormon settlements near the Missouri River in western Iowa-eastern Nebraska Territory.
By 1849, William and Sarah Bateman had gathered sufficient means to equip and provision an outfit to cross the plains. (His parents Joseph and Margaret Bateman, had immigrated the previous year in the Brigham Young Company.) They joined the Allen Taylor Company, which departed in early July. By then their family consisted of William, 25, Sarah Lavender, 25, Emma Lewis, 7, and William Henry, 4.
As this was the first year of the Gold Rush to California, travel on the overland trails was intense that season and cholera was epidemic. It killed some of their company including Captain Samuel Gully, who expired on the 4th of July. They passed the usual milestones on the trail: Fort Kearney, the South Fork of the Platte River, Chimney Rock, Fort Laramie, the Sweetwater River, Independence Rock, Devil's Gate, Green River, Fort Bridger, Bear River, and Weber River. After suffering the usual hardships of overland trail they arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake in early October.
Joining Other British Emigrants in the Iron Mission in Cedar City
The Deseret Iron Company
By 1853, William Bateman, his wife and their family were in Cedar City in southern Utah where many British Mormons with iron mining or smelting experience worked at founding the "Iron Mission." In moving to Cedar City, Bateman was settling in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See Summary of Deseret Iron Company for a brief summary of its early development.
The Ironworks in 1857
In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life for the Ironworks. Working from April to June they installed the steam engine and completed the new engine house. In the first week of July, they were ready to begin smelting. They “put on the blast” and had a modicum of success. But they continued to be plagued with problems ranging from poor quality raw materials to smelting equipment that lacked technical sophistication. When in late July the steam engine seized with sand from the dirty creek water, they speedily dug a reservoir to store a supply of clean water for the boiler. They continued making smelting runs through August. All the while crews at the ironworks manned all the necessary functions there, while other crews, mainly miners and teamsters, gathered the raw materials – iron ore, coal, limestone, and wood – necessary to sustain smelting.
The smelting continued until September 13. In other words, around September 3, when a dispute arose between some settlers and several men in the passing Arkansas company, the blast furnace was running nonstop. And when Cedar City militiamen, many of them ironworkers, mustered to Mountain Meadows where they were involved in the massacre on September 11, other ironworkers in Cedar City continued the smelting runs night and day. For additional details, see Smelting at the Ironworks in 1857.
From late April to September, those working up the canyon in mining or hauling wood, coal, limestone, rock, sand or “adobies” to the ironworks were Isaac C. Haight, James Williamson, George Hunter, Joseph H. Smith, Ira Allen, Ellott Wilden, Swen Jacobs, Alex Loveridge, Joel White, Ezra Curtis, Samuel McMurdie, Samuel Pollock, John Jacobs, John M. Higbee, John M. Macfarlane, Samuel Jewkes, Nephi Johnson, Thomas Cartwright, William Bateman, Elias Morris, Benjamin Arthur, Joseph H. Smith, Robert Wiley, and Philip Klingensmith. Those working at the ironworks on the furnace, engine, coke ovens or blacksmith shop included Elias Morris, John Humphries, Ira Allen, John Urie, Benjamin Arthur, James Williamson, Joseph H. Smith, Samuel Jewkes, Joseph Clews, Richard Harrison, William C. Stewart, William Bateman, John M Macfarlane, John M. Higbee, John Jacobs, George Hunter, Samuel Pollock, William S. Riggs, Alex Loveridge, Ellott Wilden, Ezra Curtis, Eliezar Edwards, Swen Jacobs, Joel White, and Thomas Cartwright. (The two lists overlap because some worked both in the canyon and at the Ironworks.) Other prominent figures at the ironworks who were not later involved at Mountain Meadows were Samuel Leigh, George Horton, James H. Haslem, Laban Morrell, John Chatterley, Thomas Gower, Thomas Crowther and others.
Bateman's Role in the Ironworks in 1857
During this period of 1857, William Bateman was an occasional teamster for the ironworks. In late July, he hauled nearly two tons of coal. The following week, he hauled another ton to the ironworks. He did the same the following week and at mid-August, another two tons. During the intense week at the end of the month, when the iron run was in progress, he hauled another ton of coal. On October 12, he was credited with ten days of work building the new engine house. This work was probably done the previous spring.
The majority of the southern Utah militiamen at Mountain Meadows were from Cedar City. Of these, nearly all of them had worked at the Ironworks or supplied raw materials to it. Indeed, in the weeks before the Mountain Meadows Massacre, they had worked intensely together, hauling materials, building a new water reservoir, and making the latest run of the blast furnace. One perennial mystery of the massacre has been why the militiamen mustered to Mountain Meadows in “broken” militia units; that is, from different platoons and companies, none of which had a full compliment of its members. Perhaps the reason lies with the Ironworks. Those in the Ironworks knew each other and had worked alongside one another. Not only did William Bateman know those who mustered from Cedar City to Mountain Meadows, he had worked with them at the Ironworks as recently as the week before. Perhaps the answer is that the men of the Ironworks were on hand and available and Isaac Haight, who himself had worked closely with them, assigned them to muster to Mountain Meadows.
In the Iron Military District: Sergeant William Bateman, Company G, John Higbee's 3rd Battalion, Cedar City
In 1857, the Iron Military District consisted of four battalions led by regimental commander Col. William H. Dame. The platoons and companies in the first battalion drew on men in and around Parowan. (It had no involvement at Mountain Meadows.) Major Isaac Haight commanded the 2nd Battalion whose personnel in its many platoons and two companies came from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the north such as Fort Johnson. Major John Higbee headed the 3rd Battalion whose many platoons and two companies were drawn from Cedar City and outer-lying communities to the southwest such as Fort Hamilton. Major John D. Lee of Fort Harmony headed the 4th Battalion whose platoons and companies drew on its militia personnel from Fort Harmony, the Southerners at the newly-founded settlement in Washington, the Indian interpreters at Fort Clara, and the new settlers at Pinto.
In 1857, William Bateman, 33, was listed as a sergeant of a platoon under Captain Eliezar Edwards in Company G in Major John M. Higbee's 3rd Battalion. (A William H. Bateman was a private in Company E under Captain Elias Morris in Major Isaac C. Haight's 2nd Battalion.) See A Basic Account for a full description of the massacre.
According to Philip Klingensmith, Samuel Pollock, William "Billy" Young, Nephi Johnson and John D. Lee, Bateman was at Mountain Meadows at the time of the massacre. According to Lee, Bateman attended the fateful military council on Thursday evening, September 10.
Also according to Lee and others, on Friday, September 11, Bateman carried a flag of truce to the emigrant camp to gain admittance to their wagon circle where Lee delivered deceptive terms of surrender to them. Later in the day, Bateman may have been among the militia guard from Cedar City who were alongside the emigrant men as they walked north from the emigrant wagon circle. As the massacre commenced, the duty of the guards was to wheel and fire on the emigrant men, quickly dispatching them. Yet during the actual massacre, reactions varied among the guards. Some shrank from their duty, others fired over the heads of their victims, while others still undertook their bloody duty with zeal. Within minutes, members of the Cedar City unit had killed all but three of the emigrant men. However, whether William Bateman was in this guard unit and if so, how he acted during the massacre will probably never be known with any certainty.
Like many of the massacre participants from the Cedar City area, he was listed in Judge John Cradlebaugh's 1859 arrest warranty.
Abandoning Cedar City for Cache Valley
By 1859, the Batemans had moved to West Jordan in Salt Lake County. In the 1860s, they moved to Richmond in Cache Valley where he died in 1867.
References
Bagley, Blood of the Prophets, 144, 145, 325; Bigley and Bagley, Innocent Blood: Essential Narratives, 70n, 122, 123, 235, 347, 394; Brooks, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, 73; Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 232, 236, 238, 379; Lee Trial transcripts; Moorman and Sessions, Camp Floyd and the Mormons, 135; New.Familysearch.org; Novak, House of Mourning, 158; Powell, ed., Utah History Encyclopedia, 321; Turley and Walker, Mountain Meadows Massacre: The Jenson and Morris Collections, 95, 114; Walker, et al, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, 187, 194, Appendix C, 256.
For full bibliographic information see Bibliography.
External Links
For further information on William Bateman, see:
- http://mountainmeadowsmassacre.org/appendices/appendix-c-the-militiamen
- Deseret Iron Company Account Book, 1854-1867: http://www.footnote.com/document/241905844/
- http://famroots.org/getperson.php?personID=I31779&tree=Complete
- http://www.geni.com/people/William-Bateman/6000000000688936448
- http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=67581440
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